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Terraform by HashiCorp enables declarative infrastructure provisioning across providers. HCL (HashiCorp Configuration Language) defines resources in .tf files. Providers include AWS, Azure, GCP, Kubernetes, and hundreds more. State resource mappings to real-world infrastructure. workflow: init, plan, apply, and destroy for full lifecycle management. Terraform plan previews changes before execution. Variables and outputs make configurations reusable. Modules package related resources for sharing and reuse. Workspaces manage different environments like dev, staging, production. Remote state backends like S3 and Terraform Cloud enable team collaboration. Terraform Registry hosts community modules for common architectures. provisioners run scripts on resources after creation. Data sources query existing infrastructure for reference. Lifecycle rules control resource creation and destruction order. Terraform import brings existing resources under management. Sentinel policies enforce compliance rules. Terraform Cloud provides remote execution and policy management. Best practices include consistent naming conventions and tagging. Version control all Terraform configurations in Git. Terraform is the industry standard for multi-cloud infrastructure management.